![]() alongside wings, and together they span a plane that is often (approximately) parallel to the ground and which the third, normal axis is perpendicular to. Its lateral axis is perpendicular to this, e.g. along a nose, determines the longitudinal axis. ![]() Its trajectory (from–towards) or (if stale) bearing of its assumed line of sight, e.g. It often makes sense to establish a relative, local coordinate system for any (moving) object in 3D space. The equivalent to horizontal-vertical position for the pseudo-dimensional axis would be level with the derived neologism *levial. Layout systems often use the 2nd convention, but only support a 2.5D space with multiple planes in distinct, indexed and possibly named layers that are stacked above one another in a canonical order with a thickness of zero. *abscissal ∶ ordinal ∶ *applical or *applicational. One could derive neologisms from these terms, e.g. on screens and all other planar media inherently organized in horizontal lines or rows and vertical columns running from top to bottom. in most paper diagrams with the origin in the lower left, Y+ pointing up and X+ pointing right, or from negative (or zero) proximity to positive distance, e.g. This means, an applicate always follows the virtual line of sight of a spectator ranging – according to the right hand rule – either from negative back to positive front, e.g. Only in the 2nd case, there are formal alternative names available: the third axis is called an applicate in environments where the others are known as abscissa and ordinate. In the latter case, no designation is necessary. In the former case, the Y-axis has no conventional designation matching the horizontal ∶ vertical pair, and it is only ever used when both of these axis are oriented the same as the drawing canvas, which explains somewhat why there is no third term. In the 1st case, especially used with maps, the Z-axis becomes the vertical dimension, which is often positive only, and either the X-axis or the XY-plane is considered horizontal. The positive directions conventionally follow the right hand rule with the thumb pointing towards X+, the index finger towards Y+ and the middle finger towards Z+. Of a spatial 3D coordinate system (for also specifying volumetric bodies). either the plan, ground, base or floor, i.e.vertical Y-axis ( ordinate) for designating top, up or upper and bottom, down or lower positions constituting altitudes like (positive) heights and elevations or (negative) depths.horizontal X-axis ( abscissa) for designating left and right positions constituting distances like widths, breadths or (without a negative direction) lengths.Assuming cartesian, affine, orthogonal coordinate systems wherein axes are perpendicular towards each other and usually parallel to the viewport edges, the planar 2D coordinate system (for specifying positions, linear paths and areal shapes) of
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